# Chemistry for Medicines: Heterocycles

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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the universal "energy currency" in all living things. ATP becomes from ADP and ${\text{P.}{\text{O}}_{4}}^{3-}$ gained in most energy-producing processes. In an aerobic lifestyle, the majority comes from the respiratory chain, under anaerobic conditions mainly from glycolysis. In glycolysis, two moles of ATP are obtained by oxidizing one mole of glucose to pyruvate or lactate. By including the citrate cycle and the respiratory chain, a further 34-36 MolATP per mole of glucose are added. When splitting ATP into ADP + ${\text{P.}{\text{O}}_{4}}^{3-}$ become 30.5 $kJmol-1$ free. This energy can be used to build up biochemical building blocks and metabolites, for muscle work or for active transport (against a concentration gradient). ATP is constantly being built up and broken down in the organism. Overall, humans convert an amount of ATP in one day that roughly corresponds to their body weight.